upper extremity musculoskeletal model  (Musculographics Inc)

Journal: Frontiers in Sports and Active Living

Article Title: Muscle synergy analysis during badminton forehand overhead smash: integrating electromyography and musculoskeletal modeling

doi: 10.3389/fspor.2025.1596670

Figure Lengend Snippet: Opensim upper extremity musculoskeletal model shown from anterior, lateral, and posterior views, featuring 32 hill-type musculotendon actuators and 15 degrees of freedom across the shoulder, elbow, and wrist joints with subject-specific scaling. The views illustrate the complete muscle representation from different anatomical perspectives.

Article Snippet: The computational framework employed the Wu upper extremity musculoskeletal model ( ) implemented in OpenSim (version 4.5), incorporating three degrees of freedom at the scapulothoracic, acromioclavicular, and glenohumeral joints.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Sports and Active Living

Article Title: Muscle synergy analysis during badminton forehand overhead smash: integrating electromyography and musculoskeletal modeling

doi: 10.3389/fspor.2025.1596670

Figure Lengend Snippet: Methodological framework comparing muscle synergies derived from experimental EMG and musculoskeletal modeling during BFOS, including data acquisition, signal processing, modeling, non-negative matrix factorization, and quantitative comparison of synergy components.

Article Snippet: The computational framework employed the Wu upper extremity musculoskeletal model ( ) implemented in OpenSim (version 4.5), incorporating three degrees of freedom at the scapulothoracic, acromioclavicular, and glenohumeral joints.

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Comparison

Journal: Frontiers in Sports and Active Living

Article Title: Muscle synergy analysis during badminton forehand overhead smash: integrating electromyography and musculoskeletal modeling

doi: 10.3389/fspor.2025.1596670

Figure Lengend Snippet: Relationship between synergy number and global variance accounted for (VAF) from EMG (blue) and musculoskeletal model (red) during BFOS. Three synergies were optimal based on global VAF >90%, local VAF >75%, and <5% improvement with additional synergies ( p = 0.12, MANOVA).

Article Snippet: The computational framework employed the Wu upper extremity musculoskeletal model ( ) implemented in OpenSim (version 4.5), incorporating three degrees of freedom at the scapulothoracic, acromioclavicular, and glenohumeral joints.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Sports and Active Living

Article Title: Muscle synergy analysis during badminton forehand overhead smash: integrating electromyography and musculoskeletal modeling

doi: 10.3389/fspor.2025.1596670

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of (A) synergy weight vectors and (B) activation coefficients between EMG (blue) and musculoskeletal model (red) during BFOS. Three distinct functional synergies were identified: Synergy 1 (trapezius-dominant for scapular stabilization during preparation and early acceleration), Synergy 2 (pectoralis/anterior deltoid for shoulder flexion/internal rotation during late acceleration and impact), and Synergy 3 (posterior shoulder muscles for extension/external rotation during follow-through). The x -axis in panel A represents muscle weights ranging from 0-1 for each muscle (abbreviations defined in Table 2 ), while panel ( C ) shows temporal activation patterns across normalized movement cycle (0-100%). Shaded areas represent standard error ( n = 20 participants).

Article Snippet: The computational framework employed the Wu upper extremity musculoskeletal model ( ) implemented in OpenSim (version 4.5), incorporating three degrees of freedom at the scapulothoracic, acromioclavicular, and glenohumeral joints.

Techniques: Comparison, Activation Assay, Functional Assay, Muscles